Fats

 

Fats

Fats and fatty oils ( neutral fats ) are esters of the trihydric alcohol glycerine (propane-1,2,3-triol) with three, mostly different, predominantly even, and unbranched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, the fatty acids. Compounds of this type are also called triglycerides, but the IUPAC recommends triacylglyceride as a name.

 

Whether a fat is solid or liquid at room temperature, it is called fat or a fatty oil. Best-known fats are the eponymous mixtures of different fatty acid triglycerides obtained from animals; the expression of fatty oil is adjacent to the liquid (thin) fats from other groups of oils from (general nonspecific diverse groups of liquid organic compounds).

 

As natural substances, fats are assigned to lipids and soluble in lipophilic organic solvents such as petroleum ether and benzene. With an energy density of 37  kJ / g (9 kcal / g), fats are the most critical energy stores for humans, animals, and some plants. In plants, fats are mainly found in seeds or germs, in animal organisms in adipose tissue. Fats and fatty oils are used as food ( edible fats and oils).

Etymology

The word fat is a noun of the originally Nieder. Adjective end. Vet ( Robert . : feist ), which in turn is the 2nd participle of the im Nhd. she submerged verb MHD. veiȥen “make fat.” It is based on an extension of the Indo-European. Root PE [i] - "are full, fat be".

Extraction

Fats are obtained from animal products or plants ( useful plants ) and sometimes in the chemical industry. Animal fats are either melted directly from fatty tissue ( lard, oil, sebum ) or obtained from milk ( butter ). The vegetal oils and fats used for food are obtained from oil plants or oilseeds by pressing or extraction with steam or solvents. Refining and thus removal of unwanted ingredients makes the fats usable for humans. Margarine was original of animal origin but is nowadays obtained by hydrogenation ( fat hardening ) of the C = C double bond (s) in the fatty acid residues of vegetable oils (sunflower oil, rapeseed oil). Trans fatty acids can also be formed, which is undesirable.

 

In 2006 53 companies in Germany were involved in fat extraction and refining. With 3,445 employees, a total turnover of 131 million euros was achieved. The refining of fats is an essential industry with 82.7 million euros.

 

In 2007, 2.4 million tons of rapeseed oil, 685,300 tons of soybean oil, 47,700 tons of sunflower oil, and 1,961 tons of linseed oil were produced in Germany. The main refined products in 2007 were rapeseed oil (1.55 million tons), sunflower oil (195,000 tons), soybean oil (510,600 tons), and palm oil (504,000 tons). Most of the products are planned for export. The production of margarine (2007: 430,000 tons) and butter (2007: 1.35 million tons) is also essential.

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